Method of Binaa
QUESTION:-
What is the method of Binaa, if Wudhu breaks in Salaah?
ANSWER:-
The following method is mentioned in detail in Behisthi Zewar: [[i]]
If a person experiences Hadath in his Salaah, then his Salaah will be nullified. Salaah is nullified due to experiencing Hadath-e-Akbar (the greater type of impurity), which necessitates Ghusl. If he experiences Hadath-e-Asghar (the lesser type of impurity), then this can be categorized as “Ikhtiyaari” or “Ghair Ikhtiyaari”. “Ikhtiyaari” means that the Hadath was carried out willingly, whilst “Ghair Ikhtiyaari” means it occurred unintentionally, or unwillingly.
If the Hadath was Ikhtiyaari (carried out willingly), then the Salaah will be nullified. For example, a person laughs aloud in Salaah, or, intentionally injures himself which results in him bleeding, or, he intentionally passes wind, or, a person walks on the roof and he is struck by a stone or some object that results in him bleeding – then in all these cases, the Salaah will be nullified.
If it is Ghair Ikhtiyaari (unwillingly or unintentionally carried out), then there are two scenarios. It is either something that occurs very rarely, such as becoming insane, falling unconscious, or the Imaam passes away in Salaah, etc. or, it is something that occurs very often such as, the passing of wind, urinating, passing stool, or the emission of pre-coital fluid (Mazi), etc. If it is something that occurs very rarely, then the Salaah will become invalid. However, if it is something that occurs often, then the Salaah will not be invalidated. Instead, after making Wudhu, the person has the choice of continuing with his Salaah from the point his Wudhu had broken or, to repeat the entire Salaah. However, it is better to repeat the entire Salaah.
There are certain requisites in the case where he wishes to continue his Salaah from where his Wudhu had broken:
1. He should not offer any Rukn in the state of Hadath.
2. He should not offer any Rukn while walking, for example, while he is going to the Wudhu area or returning from the Wudhu area, he should not recite the Quraan Sharif because the recitation of the Quran is a Rukn of Salaah.
3. He should not do any act which is against Salaah, nor should he do any action which he is able to refrain from.
4. If he experiences any form of Hadath, then he should not delay unnecessarily. Instead, he should immediately proceed to make his Wudhu. However, if there is a valid excuse, there is no harm in delaying. For example, there are many Sufuf behind him and he is standing in the first Saff, and it is difficult to break through the Sufuf.
Taking the above explanation into consideration, we will now discuss the different types of Binaa:
1. If a Munfarid experiences Hadath, then he should immediately make Wudhu (in accordance to the Sunnah) without wasting anytime, and without engaging in any conversation. If water is available nearby, he should not go to a place that is further away. In short, he should not do anything more than what is necessary. On completing his Wudhu, he could continue with his Salaat at the place of Wudhu (which is preferable), or return to his original place.
However, it is better to perform Wudhu and commence one’s Salaah again, from the very beginning.
2. If the Imaam experiences Hadath, then he is required to renew his Wudhu immediately, even if he is in the last Qa’dah (last sitting). He may choose the most suitable person for Imamat from among the Muqtadis (followers) to lead the congregation. It is better to make a Mudrik (one who was present for the Salaah from the very beginning) his deputy. Appointing a Masbooq (late-comer) as his deputy is also permitted. He should indicate to the Masbooq as to the number of Rakaats still outstanding using his fingers; if he has one Rakaat left, then he should lift one finger, and if he has two Rakaats remaining then he should lift two fingers. If he has to make Ruku, then he should place his hand on his knees, and if he has to make Sajdah, then he should place his hand on his forehead. If Qiraat is outstanding, then he should place his hand on his mouth. If Sajdah-e-Tilaawat is required, then he should place his hand on his forehead and mouth. If Sajdah-e-Sahw is required then he should place his hands on his chest. This is only possible if the Masbooq understands these indications. If he does not understand, then he shouldn’t make him his deputy.
After completing Wudhu, the Imaam should join the Jamaat as a follower, if the Jamaat is still in progress. If he did not join the Jamaat, but instead stood and followed his deputy from the very place where he made his Wudhu, then this will only be permissible if there is no barrier between them, or, if he is not very far away from the Jamaat. If this is not the case, it will not be permissible to follow his deputy from the place of Wudhu. However, if the Jamaat is over, then he can complete his Salaah from wherever he wishes; either at the place of Wudhu, or at his original place of Salaah.
3. If water is available inside the Masjid, then it is not necessary to appoint anyone as his deputy. He has the choice of either appointing a deputy, or not. If he does not appoint a deputy, then he should go and make Wudhu, come back and lead the Jamaat. In the meantime, the Muqtadis should wait for him.
4. Once a person appoints a deputy, he no longer remains the Imaam but becomes a Muqtadi of his deputy. Therefore, if the Jamaat is over, the Imaam should complete his Salaah as a Laahiq (one who was present at the beginning of the Salaah but had to excuse himself afterwards due to some valid reason) [[ii]]. If the Imaam does not appoint anyone as his deputy but the Muqtadis appoint someone from among themselves, or one of the Muqtadis steps forward as the Imaam on his own accord, then it is permissible do so, on condition that the original Imaam has not left the Masjid yet. If the Salaah is not being performed in a Musjid, then on condition that he has not stepped beyond the Saffs or beyond the Sutra. If he has already stepped out of these boundaries, then the Salaah will be invalid. Now, another person cannot be the Imaam.
5. If a Muqtadi experiences Hadath, then he should repeat his Wudhu immediately. On completing his Wudhu, he should join the Jamaat if it is still in progress. If Salaah is over, then he should complete his Salaah on his own. If the Jamaat is still in progress, he should go and stand in his original place. However, if there is no barrier between him and the Imaam which can prevent him from following the Imaam, then it will also be permissible for him to stand at the place of Wudhu and follow the Imaam. If the Jamaat is over, then he has the choice of going to his original place and offering his Salaah, or offering it at the place of Wudhu. The latter option is preferable.
6. If the Imaam appointed a Masbooq as his deputy, then he should perform the balance of the Rakaats for the Imaam, and thereafter appoint a Mudrik to make the Salaam, and the Masbooq will continue with the missed Rakaats.
In addition to the above, we would like to mention that due to the above-mentioned Masaa’il being quite complicated, and people lacking knowledge in this regard, the possibility of mistakes are inevitable. It is, therefore, better to terminate the Salaah by making Salaam, and repeating the entire Salaat thereafter [[iii]].
[i] Behishti Zewar (English) Pg 200 – 203
[ii]الفتاوى الهندية (1/92)
اللاحق وهو الذي أدرك أولها وفاته الباقي لنوم أو حدث أو بقي قائما للزحام أو الطائفة الأولى في صلاة الخوف كأنه خلف الإمام
[iii] الهداية (1/128) [المصباح]
من سبق الحدث في الصلوة انصرف فان كان اماما استخلف و توضا و بنى و هو قول الشافعى الخ و الاستيناف افضل تحرزا عن شبهة الخلاف
فتاوى محمودية (6/572)
استيناف بہرحال افضل ہے كيوں كہ جوازِ بناء كےلئے تيره شرطيں ہيں جن كي حفاظت ہر شخص سےدشوار ہے
ALLAH TA’ALA KNOWS BEST!
ANSWERED BY:-
Mufti Abdur Rahman Abdur Razak
Date: 09 Dhul Qa’dah 1444 / 30 May 2023
CHECKED, EDITED AND APPROVED BY:-
Mufti Mohammed Desai Saheb