Instances when Salaah can be performed without Wudhu

Question:-

Are there circumstances that allow for Salaah to be performed without Wudhu?

Answer:-

We assume that your question pertains to performing Salaah without Wudhu and Tayammum. There are a few Masaa’il recorded in the Kitaabs of Fiqh which we have listed below:

1. If a person is trapped in a place of impurity, then he should perform Salaah in an area with the least amount of impurity and he will not be required to repeat the Salaah when he emerges from the place. The view of Imaam Abu Hanifa Rahimahullah in this Mas’ala is that (if he does not find water for Wudhu) then he should perform Salaah without Wudhu, but he will repeat the Salaah when he emerges.

2. It is recorded in Fataawa Dhahiriyyah that a person whose hands and feet are amputated and his face wounded, then he should perform Salaah without Wudhu and he will not be required to repeat the Salaah.

3. If one is unable to find water and sand (and there is no way of extracting sand from anywhere) then according to Imaam Abu Yusuf Rahimahullah and Imaam Muhammad Rahimahullah, he should perform Salaah resembling those performing Salaah in honour of the time (of Salaah). The Salaah will have to be repeated later when water is found.

4. If your query pertains to not using water due to illness or not being able to find water but sand is available, then a person will be required to make Tayammum before performing Salaah.

وَأما صَلَاة الْمَحْبُوس والمقيد فاذا حبس الرجل فِي مَكَان قذر فانه يُصَلِّي على اقل الْمَكَان قذرا وَلَيْسَ عَلَيْهِ الاعادة اذا خرج فان لم يجد مَاء يتَيَمَّم بغبار الْهَوَاء فِي قَول ابي عبد الله واما فِي قَول ابي يُوسُف وَمُحَمّد يدع الصَّلَاة الى ان يخرج ثمَّ يُعِيد

وَفِي قَول ابي حنيفَة يُصَلِّي بِغَيْر وضوء فاذا خرج أعاد

وأما الطهارة، ففي الظهيرية وغيرها: من قطعت يداه ورجلاه وبوجهه جراحة يصلي بلا وضوء ولا تيمم ولا يعيد (الدر المختار ص17 ج1)

مَطْلَبٌ فَاقِدُ الطَّهُورَيْنِ (قَوْلُهُ فَاقِدُ) بِالرَّفْعِ صِفَةُ الْمَحْصُورِ، وَاللَّامُ فِيهِ لِلْعَهْدِ الذِّهْنِيِّ فَيَكُونُ فِي حُكْمِ النَّكِرَةِ وَبِالنَّصْبِ عَلَى الْحَالِ، كَذَا رَأَيْته بِخَطِّ الشَّارِحِ (قَوْلُهُ وَلَا يُمْكِنُ إخْرَاجُ تُرَابٍ مُطَهَّرٍ) أَمَّا لَوْ أَمْكَنَهُ بِنَقْرِ الْأَرْضِ أَوْ الْحَائِطِ بِشَيْءٍ فَإِنَّهُ يَسْتَخْرِجُ وَيُصَلِّي بِالْإِجْمَاعِ بَحْرٌ عَنْ الْخُلَاصَةِ. قَالَ ط: وَفِيهِ أَنَّهُ يَلْزَمُ التَّصَرُّفُ فِي مَالِ الْغَيْرِ بِلَا إذْنِهِ (قَوْلُهُ يُؤَخِّرُهَا عِنْدَهُ) لِقَوْلِهِ – عَلَيْهِ الصَّلَاةُ وَالسَّلَامُ – «لَا صَلَاةَ إلَّا بِطَهُورٍ» سِرَاجٌ (قَوْلُهُ وَقَالَا يَتَشَبَّهُ بِالْمُصَلِّينَ) أَيْ احْتِرَامًا لِلْوَقْتِ. (الدر المختار ص252 ج1)

ALLAH TA’ALA KNOWS BEST!

ANSWERED BY:

Mufti Mohammed Desai

Date: 06 Jumadal Ukhra 1445 / 20 November 2023